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Deposit vs. Down Payment: What's the Difference?
Understanding Purchase Deposits, Mortgage Contributions, Refunds and Payment Timelines
Two payments. Two purposes. One purchase.
Paying a deposit does not mean paying twice toward your new home.
A deposit is money paid early to support a purchase agreement. A down payment is the buyer's overall contribution toward the home's purchase price, with the mortgage generally financing the balance.
These terms are frequently confused by first-time buyers, particularly when purchasing a new home under construction. A builder may ask for an initial deposit and further installments well before possession, while the lender discusses a percentage down payment required to approve a mortgage. The two figures relate to the same purchase, but they serve different purposes at different times.
Here's the key: when properly credited to the purchase price, deposits are ordinarily counted toward the total down payment, not added on top of it. What you still need at closing is your required equity contribution minus qualifying deposits already paid, plus any separate closing costs and adjustments.
Part One — The important distinction
What is a deposit—and what is a down payment?
Purchase deposit
Money paid according to the purchase agreement, commonly soon after an accepted offer or in specified builder installments. It demonstrates the buyer's commitment and is credited to the purchase price at closing when the transaction completes.
Mortgage down payment
The portion of the purchase price paid from the buyer's eligible funds rather than borrowed through the mortgage. Lenders assess this figure to determine financing eligibility and whether mortgage default insurance is needed.
A deposit is therefore a timing and contract concept, while the down payment is a financing concept. The deposit may be due shortly after the contract is accepted. The remaining down-payment funds are generally dealt with through your lawyer as part of the closing process.
If you put down a $15,000 deposit on a home where the approved down payment totals $35,000, you typically do not need another $35,000 on closing. You need the remaining $20,000 of that down payment, subject to lender requirements and the transaction's actual adjustments.
Part Two — The numbers made simple
Educational example: A $600,000 home
Using your sample figures, here is how an initial deposit reduces the remaining down-payment cash needed at closing.
Deposit counts toward your down payment
Educational example — $600,000 home
Illustrative minimum for an eligible owner-occupied purchase at $600,000. Closing costs, GST treatment where applicable, transaction adjustments and mortgage-insurance premiums are not included. The lender must approve the financing and sources of funds.
In this example, the base mortgage amount before any mortgage-insurance premium is $565,000 ($600,000 less $35,000). The deposit does not increase the purchase price; it is part of the buyer's $35,000 contribution. At closing, the lawyer reconciles the purchase price, funds from the mortgage lender, deposit credit and any remaining buyer funds.
Be careful with the phrase “balance at closing.” The $20,000 is only the remaining down-payment portion. The actual money required by the lawyer can also include legal fees, land-registration charges, property-tax adjustments, title insurance and other agreed costs. A new home may also involve GST or rebates depending on how its contractual price is expressed.
Part Three — Canada's financing requirements
How much down payment does a buyer generally need?
| Home purchase price | General minimum down payment |
|---|---|
| $500,000 or less | 5% of the purchase price |
| Above $500,000 but below $1.5 million | 5% of the first $500,000, plus 10% of the amount above $500,000 |
| $1.5 million or more | 20% of the purchase price |
These are federal minimums for qualifying purchases, not promises of mortgage approval. A lender may require a larger contribution after reviewing income, existing debts, credit, property appraisal and permitted sources of funds. A down payment below 20% normally requires mortgage default insurance, which protects the lender—not the homebuyer—and can increase borrowing costs.
For a $600,000 home, the graduated formula produces $35,000, not a flat 5% of $600,000. The minimum rules may also differ for particular property uses or lending programs, so buyers considering rental or multi-unit properties should verify their exact financing terms.
Part Four — When does each payment happen?
From accepted agreement to possession: the financial timeline
Budget and pre-approval
Discuss income, savings, minimum down payment and separate closing-cost funds with your lender.
Offer or builder agreement
Confirm deposit amount, due dates, recipient and contractual conditions before signing.
Deposit payment
Pay the agreed amount through the instructed method; obtain a dated receipt or confirmation.
Conditions and financing
Address financing, inspection or other conditions by their deadlines; builder installments may follow.
Closing and keys
Your lawyer accounts for deposits, lender funds, remaining down payment and adjustments.
Illustrative sequence. Your signed contract determines actual due dates and requirements.
A mortgage pre-approval is not the same as final mortgage approval on a particular property. For homes under construction, lenders may require updated employment documents, a new appraisal, or other conditions closer to possession. Keep sufficient accessible funds for builder installments and avoid assuming a rate hold will last through a lengthy build.
Part Five — Buying resale vs. buying new
Why a builder's deposit schedule can look different
| What to compare | Completed resale home | New home purchased from a builder |
|---|---|---|
| When deposit is requested | Often on acceptance or shortly afterward, as stated in the agreement | May be due at signing, with further deposits at milestones or on specific dates |
| Who receives it | Usually the brokerage trust holder or another trustee named in the contract | The builder or another designated recipient, under the builder's agreement |
| Conditions | Commonly financing, inspection or other negotiated conditions | Builder terms may differ and financing / legal-review protections should be confirmed explicitly |
| Closing date | Often comparatively near the accepted offer date | May be months away if still under construction, or shorter for a quick-possession home |
| Deposit credit | Generally credited to the price and buyer's equity contribution | Likewise credited under the agreement; reconcile all installments at closing |
A resale purchase often involves one main deposit administered through the real estate brokerage's trust arrangement. A builder's presale or semi-custom transaction may involve multiple installments, because planning, selections and construction take place before final possession. There is no universal Kapish or Alberta-wide deposit percentage or installment schedule that should be assumed for every builder transaction.
When working directly with Kapish Homes, ask for the deposit schedule that applies to the specific home and purchase agreement, including who receives funds, what documents confirm each payment and whether additional installments are required for custom options.
Part Six — Refunds and protecting your money
Is the deposit refundable if the purchase falls through?
Not automatically. Refund rights depend on the signed contract, who holds the funds, any applicable conditions, how deadlines are met and which party fails to perform. A properly invoked financing condition may allow the deposit to be returned under the particular agreement; once conditions are waived or expire, a buyer who defaults can risk losing the deposit and potentially face other remedies.
For example, if a resale agreement includes a financing condition that cannot be satisfied and the buyer gives the required notice on time, the contract may provide for release of the deposit. If the agreement becomes unconditional and the buyer later refuses to complete, the outcome can be very different. Builder agreements may contain their own cancellation, delay, refund and forfeiture provisions, which deserve especially careful review.
Alberta advises new-home buyers to put deposits, payment milestones and refund policies in writing and obtain receipts. It also identifies deposit-protection insurance as a product that can protect money paid to a builder. That is separate from mandatory new-home warranty coverage against construction defects; buyers should ask whether deposit protection exists, who provides it, and what limits and exclusions apply. Do not assume every deposit is held in trust or automatically insured.
Part Seven — A practical buyer checklist
Six questions worth asking before you pay a deposit
Is the recipient a brokerage trust account, the builder, a lawyer or another named holder?
How will the builder, lender and lawyer document and reconcile the amount?
What are their amounts, due dates, triggers and payment methods?
Which deadlines, notices and documents are required for a refund, if available?
Does trust handling, deposit-protection insurance or another arrangement apply?
Ask your lawyer and lender for the down-payment balance plus separate closing costs and adjustments.
Part Eight — Buying with confidence
How Kapish Homes can help buyers plan their payments
The new-home buying experience is more comfortable when the financial milestones are explained early. Through the Kapish New Home Concierge, buyers can discuss whether they are looking at a quick-possession property, a spec home or a more customized building pathway, and request a clear explanation of the applicable deposit schedule and next steps.
Kapish Homes can help buyers understand the difference between a contract deposit, selection-related costs and the remaining funds that will be due at closing. The team can also coordinate builder-side documentation and help clarify what the written agreement says about payment deadlines. Mortgage eligibility, legal interpretation and actual closing requirements should still be confirmed with the buyer's independent lender and lawyer.
The most useful approach is a simple one: understand your total required down payment, track every deposit already paid and plan a separate reserve for closing costs. That way, your focus can remain on choosing the right home rather than facing an unexpected cash requirement as possession approaches.
Plan your new-home purchase with clarity.
Explore available homes, customization pathways and property-specific deposit schedules with the Kapish Homes team.